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Что (кто) такое evanesce$26278$ - определение
![Schematic representation of a [[surface wave]] ([[surface plasmon polariton]]) propagating along a metal-dielectric interface. The fields away from the surface die off exponentially (right hand graph) and those fields are thus described as ''evanescent'' in the ''z'' direction](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Electron density wave - plasmon excitations.png?width=200 "Schematic representation of a [[surface wave]] ([[surface plasmon polariton]]) propagating along a metal-dielectric interface. The fields away from the surface die off exponentially (right hand graph) and those fields are thus described as ''evanescent'' in the ''z'' direction")
![refracted incident wave]] and (bottom) evanescent wave at an interface in red (reflected waves omitted).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Evanescent wave.jpg?width=200 "refracted incident wave]] and (bottom) evanescent wave at an interface in red (reflected waves omitted).")
![[[Total internal reflection]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Total internal reflection.jpg?width=200 "[[Total internal reflection]]")
Википедия
In electromagnetics, an evanescent field, or evanescent wave, is an oscillating electric and/or magnetic field that does not propagate as an electromagnetic wave but whose energy is spatially concentrated in the vicinity of the source (oscillating charges and currents). Even when there is a propagating electromagnetic wave produced (e.g., by a transmitting antenna), one can still identify as an evanescent field the component of the electric or magnetic field that cannot be attributed to the propagating wave observed at a distance of many wavelengths (such as the far field of a transmitting antenna).
A hallmark of an evanescent field is that there is no net energy flow in that region. Since the net flow of electromagnetic energy is given by the average Poynting vector, this means that the Poynting vector in these regions, as averaged over a complete oscillation cycle, is zero.
